Should Student Athletes be Paid?
Last year, the NCAA took
in nearly one billion in annual revenue according to Huffington Post (Maxwell
Strachan). Can you
imagine working for this company and not making a dime? Well this is how some
people feel about college athletes. With March Madness just happening and a new
football season right around the corner, hundreds of athletes will be
interviewed, thousands of jerseys will be bought, and millions of photographs
will make magazine headlines, all without NCAA college athletes making a single
dollar in compensation. You may be asking where this money is going then. According to the NCAA website, 90% of the
money is going back to the student athletes whether it is through scholarships,
championships, student assistant fund, academic enhancement fund, and student
athlete services (ncaa.org). Whether or not student athletes should be paid
lead to a poll by HuffPost determining, “only 30 percent of Americans favored the idea of
paying student-athletes, while 44 percent were against the idea and 25 percent
said they were not sure” (Maxwell
Strachan). People who feel either they should or shouldn’t be
paid feel extremely committed to their opinion, but as you can see many people
are unsure how they feel about it. Any many of the people complaining aren’t even
the college athletes themselves. When these athletes are superstars on their
teams, most of the time they are on a full ride meaning all required expensies
are provided by the University. This means meals, books, hosuing, and tuition.
Of course not all student athletes are on these types of scholarships, because the
school makes that decision. Before every single athlete enters the school, they
know how much scholarship they are going to be on, and if they are not happy
about it, they have th choice to do something else or go somewhere else. College
athletics is a choice, and these athletes are just amateurs, once they get to
the pros that is when they get paid. In the past few years, the NCAA has gotten
much more strict in hopes that their athletes are actually becoming well-rounded
students as well.
From personal experience, we are provided a few contracts at the
beginning of each school year, stating that we will not receive any other
compensation for our athletics besides our scholarship money. With all these
rules changing, a few student athletes have decided to lash back. One important
lawsuit was one concerning UCLA. According to The Hollywood Reporter In August,
“a federal
judge has ruled in favor of NCAA athletes including former UCLA basketball star
Ed O'Bannon in allegations that the NCAA unlawfully restrains them from
licensing their names and images in TV game telecasts and videogames. As a
result of injunctions now issued, college athletes could be on the path towards
being compensated for use of their likenesses (Eriq Gardner). Rather than
athletes being paid for their playing, they are asking to just be paid for their
status (jerseys sold, autographs, and photographs). Currently the NCAA still
has rules prohibiting student athletes from making money off of these things,
but the companies must get permission ahead of time. If enough athletes
disagree to letting these companies use their name/picture/autograph, there
could potentially be a big change in the industry. This wont necessary cause
changes for the employees of the NCAA, but instead will compensate the athletes
for their fame.
There
are not many solutions to their issue without essentially abolishing the NCAA
as a whole. As a non-profit organization, they need these athletes to make
their money. If the athletes decided not to play, the NCAA would not be able to
work. With the NCAA becoming stricter with their rules such as GPA
requirements, student athletes are going to be coming out prepared for the real
world, and not have to relay on their athletics. Many people still argue that the NCAA should
be paying the athletes, while others say the full-tuition should be enough
compensation. Each athlete obviously has
their own opinion, but according to CBS Sports’ article, NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes
Players Association, “We frequently hear
from student-athletes, across all sports, that they participate to enhance
their overall college experience and for the love of their sport, not to be
paid” (Tom Fornelli).
Student athletes are generally happy with the choice they have made to
play their sport, and if they aren’t happy they 100% have the choice to not play
it anymore, and if that means they cannot stay in school then that is a
sacrifice that must be made. By paying
college athletes we will make amateur athletes now professional ones, this will
in the end not solve a thing.
Works Cited
Fornelli,
Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association,"
CBS Sports 26 March 2014. Web.
Gardner, Eriq.
"NCAA Athletes Win Antitrust Lawsuit That Could Pave Way for Pay." The
Hollywood Reporter. N.p., 8 Aug. 2014. Web. 04 Apr. 2015.
"Should
Student-Athletes Get Paid? | The 2-Minute Warning." YouTube. The
Fumble, 27 Mar. 2015. Web. 05 Apr. 2015.
Strachan, Maxwell.
"The NCAA Just Misses $1 Billion In Annual Revenue." The
Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 11 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Apr. 2015.
"Where the
Money Goes." NCAA Home Page. N.p., 27 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Apr. 2015.
Posted By: Christine Rochester
Student athletes make a commitment to take on a lot more than a typical college student. Some even compare being a student athlete to having a full time job. According to a Nielsen report titled 2014 Year in Sports Media Report, “College football had a strong season, airing 27 games with an audience over 5 million and 97 games with an audience larger than 2.5 million (including bowls /playoffs / conference championship games).” This statistic goes to show how popular college sports are. They seem to be just as popular as professional sports.
ReplyDeleteHowever, these students undertake a lot more than a regular student does. College athletes are rewarded with numerous benefits such as a scholarship to their school. Christine makes a very good point in the end of her blog, “By paying college athletes we will make amateur athletes now professional ones, this will in the end not solve a thing.” I feel very strongly about paying college athletes and find that it is completely unnecessary. If a school is going to pay for your tuition just so you can play a sport, than that payment is more than enough.
Being a college athlete brings a lot of recognition to a school. The education you receive by being a top athlete in this country is basically a payment in itself. College athletes are fortunate enough to go to some of the greatest universities in the country just based off how good you are at what you play. These athletes are granted an unbelievable education, sometimes for free, which in turn leads them to the pros and sometimes gives them higher chances in the workplace.
According to the NCAA in an article titled NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association, “We frequently hear from student-athletes, across all sports, that they participate to enhance their overall college experience and for the love of their sport, not to be paid.” (Fornelli) If student athletes truly love playing their sport than they wouldn’t care about being paid for it. Especially when your whole college tuition is being paid for, you should not get that greedy. Student athletes should be grateful they get to play the sport they love in relation to receiving an amazing education.
College is about discovering yourself. If student athletes only care about being paid than they shouldn’t attend college. Instead, they should head strait for professional leagues. In NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association the NCAA also stated that, “We want student athletes – 99 percent of whom will never make it to the professional leagues – focused on what matters most – finding success in the classroom, on the field and in life.” (Fornelli) The NCAA hit the nail on the head with this statement. Student athletes are not professionals. At this point in their life, learning about life is more important than focusing on solely sports. If the NCAA started to pay these students than their whole morality would be gone. I respect the NCAA for what they do and believe they are setting a great example for all college athletes.
Taylor Roberts
Works Cited
Fornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association," CBS
Sports 26 March 2014. Web.
"2014 Year in Sports Media Report." Nielsen.com. Accessed 29 March 2015. Web.
Chrissi has laid out all the facts for us in a well-organized and detailed fashion. Although I am not positive on what stance she is taking, after hearing all the facts (and watching the video that she included), I think that student athletes shouldn’t be paid, or viewed as employees. What happened at Northwestern with its football was foolish by the American legal system and the courts (allowing the Northwestern football team to be viewed as employees, so that they may legally form a union). (Fornelli) Here is my reasoning:
ReplyDeleteFirst off, as mentioned in the video debate and the blog, most student athletes (at least the ones that the schools are making money off of) have scholarships that pay a large sum of money for those players to go to college. The smaller sports may not receive as large scholarships, but the schools aren’t making much money off those sports anyway, so those athletes wouldn’t be receiving much money anyway (even if they were being paid). Free college education is something that many people dream of, and unfortunately will never have. Others are in debt because of thousands of dollars’ worth of student loans. Student athletes won’t have to worry about this, but it is their choice how hard they study, and what they decide to make out of their free education. Good coaches will help their athletes succeed on and off the field, and sometimes they choose their players based on this principle. Cameron Smith of Yahoo Sports writes, “‘Does this kid ever study?’ It’s worth noting that these officials also said that what they see is having a direct impact on their decisions on how to handle athletes,” talking about how different recruiters view incoming athletes. (Smith)
Secondly, it is a student athlete’s choice to play a sport in college, usually because their love for that particular sport. No one is forcing them to play. If at any point they choose not to continue playing (unless they cannot afford to financially, in which case they must have been receiving a scholarship to play), they can quit and attend the university as a normal student. I am aware that being a student athlete is a lot of hard work, but it’s hard work that they signed up for.
Thirdly, I want to get into the big schools out their; the Kentucky’s, Duke’s, Alabama’s, and UCLA’s of the world. I know contracts are signed that tell athletes that they may not take any money while they attend these universities, and I know that part of the reason these star athletes go to these schools is because of the coaches, programs, and chances of winning. At the same time, it has been swept under the rug for years that athletes do not receive perks at top schools (besides free rides). I’ve heard of kids getting food perks off campus, alcohol perks, under the table deals, and free gifts for years. None of these things are known, or proven, to be true, but I wouldn’t doubt that they do happen with the sought after stars.
Finally, the video debate talked about how colleges spend excess money on coaches, and state of the art facilities. I would argue that both of those things benefit the athletes. A great coach can help you make the pros, while also helping you succeed academically. Incredible sports facilities would be nice too (keep in mind us regular students don’t receive perks like this). We receive massive debt and a hard shove into the real world.
Works Cited
1. Fornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association," CBS Sports. 26 March 2014. Web.
2. Smith, Cameron. "It’s Not Just What Athletes Are Tweeting, But How Much They’re on Social Media that Scares Off Coaches," Prep Rally (Yahoo Sports Blog). 16 April 2013. Web.
I agree with Chrissi that paying college athletes will not solve anything. The NCAA is a nonprofit and the changes that are being considered are not reasonable without abolishing the NCAA. College athletes often get scholarships that pay their tuition. This provides them the opportunity to play a sport they love while receiving an education. Recently I was able to tour the new UConn Basketball practice facility. I was absolutely blown away by how nice this facility was. The team is provided with the top of the line equipment, medical, therapeutic care and tutoring. While there is no doubt that Pat Lenehan or Mariah Jefferson (just to name two) are hard workers, them also gaining compensation seems wrong. As Chrissi pointed out, while they may be amateurs they are gaining a lot in return. As someone who is not a college athlete I would be overjoyed to have someone paying or helping to pay for my tuition.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Nielsen, “The average hoops audience grew steadily each month over the course of the regular season, as the average audience increased 133% from Nov ’13 to March ’14” and “College football had a strong season, airing 27 games with an audience over 5 million and 97 games with an audience larger than 2.5 million (including bowls/playoffs/conference championship games)”(Nielsen). While these numbers are impressive it does not warrant players being paid. The college experience they are gaining and the help they receive along they way are catalysts to have a successful future. If you are good enough to go on and play in the NBA or NFL or NHL etc… you are provided a platform to be discovered. If you do not plan on going forward with your athletics then you are gaining a opportunity to learn with financial aid most of the time.
I really felt like the NCAA statement in the CBS Sports article said it best in the case of the NLRB Region 13 decision that the Northwestern football team could vote to be considered employees of the university. The statement read, "”We strongly disagree with the notion that student-athletes are employees. We frequently hear from student-athletes, across all sports, that they participate to enhance their overall college experience and for the love of their sport, not to be paid. Over the last three years, our member colleges and universities have worked to re-evaluate the current rules. While improvements need to be made, we do not need to completely throw away a system that has helped literally millions of students attend college over the past decade alone. We want student athletes – 99 percent of whom will never make it to the professional leagues – focused on what matters most – finding success in the classroom, on the field and in life””(Fornelli)
I also think about the fact that some of these players are 18 years old. And while they are adults do they have the best decision making skills when it comes to money? When I was 18 if I was gaining a steady paycheck or endorsements etc. I would have probably blown my money on a new car or some lavish purchase that I did not need. And while being just a couple of years older may not make a difference for some, gaining life experience may help to stop them from becoming spoiled spenders whose paychecks are taken away the minute they leave college since most of them do not make it to the professional leagues. While I don't think that all students would be like this, I could definitely see some players making poor decisions with their monetary gains causing even more problems for the Universities.
Works Cited
"2014 Year in Sports Media Report." Nielsen.com. Accessed 29 March 2015. Web.
Fornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association," CBS Sports 26 March 2014. Web.
College sports generates an incredible amount of money, yet no participating athlete receives any direct payment. This leads to the question of whether or not student athletes should be paid for their efforts. According to an article written in the Huffington Post, the NCAA earned nearly one billion dollars in revenue last year (Strachan). With these athletes playing (technically working) under the NCAA, why shouldn’t they share in the profits? According to the NCAA website,” 90% of the money is going back to the student athletes whether it is through scholarships, championships, student assistant fund, academic enhancement fund, and student athlete services,” (ncaa.org). In support of these statics, many people claim that based on the amount athletic scholarships, student athletes shouldn’t be paid because they essentially go to school for free. An interesting statistic I read from the Huffington Post article stated, “only 30 percent of Americans favored the idea of paying student-athletes, while 44 percent were against the idea and 25 percent said they were not sure,” (Strachan). So it seems evident that less than half Americans believe that these amateur athletes should not be paid.
ReplyDeleteMy personal opinion is that student athletes should not be paid while enrolled in school. The top performers are usually granted full year or full term scholarships, which can equal $60,000 a year in terms of actual tuition costs. I do, however, believe that the NCAA must fix their rules regarding student athletes. I do no not agree with multiple NCAA regulations that affect student athletes. For example, there have been multiple reports over past two college football seasons with players signing memorabilia for profit. A potential first round draft pick in this year’s 2015 NFL Draft, Todd Gurley, was penalized for signing autographs on University of Georgia memorabilia. He was suspended a couple games during the middle of the football season. I do not agree with the NCAA’s ruling on the issue as they do not own the name of the player signing autographs. It’s the athlete’s choice to write his/her name on sports merchandises-and if they end up getting paid for it, good for them. What I don’t understand is why in college baseball the NCAA gives the athletes who are drafted by MLB teams the option to continue to play baseball and during the offseason go play minor league ball. What if the ball players that elect to choose this option sign autographs during the offseason games? Technically they are still enrolled in school so why wouldn’t they be penalized? There are just so many flaws regarding college sports regulations that need to be fixed.
ReplyDeleteAnother supporting point to my claim is from a CBS Sports’ article, NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association. It stated, “We frequently hear from student-athletes, across all sports, that they participate to enhance their overall college experience and for the love of their sport, not to be paid” (Fornelli). These amateur athletes aren’t looking to be paid while enrolled in college. They want to improve their athletic abilities against top competition in order to get to the next level and become a professional athlete as a career.
ReplyDeleteBased on the NCAA published facts, student athletes are being compensated through the many programs that the NCAA supports. Another point is assuming student athletes should be paid, how do decide at what level? Are market caps now to be considered for the college level? It seems that student athletes should confront these financial issues when they leave school and not before.
Sources:
ReplyDeleteFornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association," CBS Sports 26 March 2014. Web.
Strachan, Maxwell. "The NCAA Just Misses $1 Billion In Annual Revenue." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 11 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Apr. 2015.
"Where the Money Goes." NCAA Home Page. N.p., 27 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Apr. 2015.
Kirsten James
ReplyDeleteIt is apparent that college football is a very big deal to sports fan, especially considering that the College Football Playoffs “were the three most watched programs in cable television history” (2014 Year). But after reading Chrissi’s blog post I have to say that I do not think college athletes should be paid for playing. I think that the fact that they receive scholarships, their meals, housing, and books are taken care of is enough and is better than getting paid for playing. If they come to college to play the sport, it should be because of the love of the game think they should they should keep that same mentality when the subject of getting paid comes up. I feel like if you’re only playing a sport because of how much you can make off it, well then I think you are playing for the wrong reasons and shouldn’t be playing in college anyway. How much time and dedication can you really commit to something you aren’t even passion about? I also think that athletes go to school primarily for an education, and sports after so that is another reason getting paid shouldn’t be on the top of their priority list since it is not their career yet. Once an athlete is a professional basketball player, then yes he or she should be getting paid. An athlete’s time in college should be spent building up to such goals. I therefore do not agree with the fact that the “Northwestern football players are seen as employees rather than student-athletes” because that’s exactly what they are, student athletes (Fornelli). Personally, I happen to know that athletes at Quinnipiac (such as the men on the basketball team) do get a lot of extra benefits anyway, even if they aren’t getting paid—like having fresh clothes always prepared for them before a workout or getting their meal plan money restocked when needed.
I do, however, think that it is a different story when an athlete has reached a certain level of fame as Chrissi mentioned in her post. While I do not think they should get paid per the games they play, I do not think there is anything wrong with them receiving a portion of the money that is made from a large amount of jerseys sold, autographs, and other related paraphernalia. I think this is different because unlike them getting paid to play, they would be getting paid off of their talents and therefore the fan base they have created for themselves. Student athletes are typically very busy especially when their sport of choice is in season. This means that there isn’t a lot of room for them to get a job in addition to going to school and playing a sport. If they have truly reached a level of fame that they have such a fan base that people want to buy things because it reminds them of that athlete then they should be able to profit off of it. If not they are basically “famous” in the sports world but not receiving any of the perks of their fame and I don’t think that’s fair.
Works Cited
"2014 Year in Sports Media Report." Nielsen.com. Accessed 29 March 2015. Web.
Fornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association," CBS
Sports 26 March 2014. Web.
Saleena Glowik
ReplyDeleteWhen I hear that a college athlete receives a full ride to their college, I often wish I was a student-athlete. A free ride to college would be lovely and I think my parents would love this idea even more than I do. Student-athletes are getting paid $50,000 and up (depending on the college tuition) to play a sport they love (well, usually love). This question regarding whether or not student athletes should be paid is a difficult one. Do I consider student athletes as employees? Nope, not at all. But I do consider them as talented individuals, much more talented than the Kardashians, and shouldn’t talented individuals be paid? I’m not so sure when it comes to college sports.
According to an article from CBS Sports, the NCAA strongly believes that student-athletes are not employees” (Fornelli). Northwestern disagrees and hopes to consider their student-athletes as employees. I think the term “employee” is not the correct term. Most college athletes are receiving a lot of money from their schools that cover tuition costs, food, transportation, etc. They are already making money, similar to how some students are receiving scholarship for excelling in high school or even receive more scholarships for excelling in their college studies.
Some part of me does think these athletes should be getting paid since Universities and Colleges gain a large amount of money from the sports, as Ryan stated. He also states that the NCAA uses 90% of the money towards scholarships, championships, student assistant fund, academic enhancement fund, and student athlete services. If that’s the case, then I do believe most division 1 athletes are being paid already.
I think the most talented athletes will be rewarded even more in the end if they decide to play professionally. According to the article titled How Michael Jordan Still Earns $80 Million A Year, currently Michael Jordan is earning $80 million a year from corporate partners such as Nike, Gatorade, Hanes, 2K Sports, and even restaurants (Badenhausen). Jordan also is getting paid through social media. He has over 22 Facebook fans as well (Badenhausen). Michael Jordan is retired and is marketing himself through corporate organizations and social media and he’s not even playing a sport anymore. He is heavily involved in business. But of course he got to where he is now from playing a professional sport. He still earns money from playing in the NBA but now a lot of his earnings are from The Jordan Brand and the other corporate organizations.
Then again we have some athletes who do not continue to play after college. This can be due to injuries, or lack of interest and more interest in applying the degree they received to a future job. Should I feel bad that they aren’t getting directly paid besides through scholarships? For the injured who no longer can play professionally, yes I do feel bad.
I think if student-athletes are paid it may take the value and passion away from the college sport. College sports are not as serious as the professional leagues and college is about being involved in new experiences, making friends, learning, and enjoying yourself. Once money gets involved, these values may be tarnished.
Works Cited
Badenhausen, Kurt. " How Michael Jordan Still Earns $80 Million A Year" Forbes. 14 March 2013. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
Fornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association," CBS
Sports. 26 March 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
Colten Lucas
ReplyDeleteI agree, I do not think that college athletes should get paid for their work as an athlete at a university. Besides the strict rules under the NCAA, there are more obvious reasons for why NCAA athletes should not be getting paid. First, there are issues surrounding the fact that the NCAA is for college students. Second, there are issues of economics.
The NCAA is for college students whose primary goal should be learning. Students should not come to college to earn a salary, they should come for an academic experience. If they wanted to earn a salary, they could play basketball professionally immediately after high school. To pay college students to play a sport would take away from the fundamental educational purpose of higher education. Students in the NCAA still get coaching and exposure that can help them to possibly play professionally and earn a large salary after they graduate. Students who do not end up playing professionally get an education for free, and that will help benefit them financially in the future: “We want student athletes – 99 percent of whom will never make it to the professional leagues – focused on what matters most – finding success in the classroom, on the field and in life” (Fornelli).
Economically speaking, most NCAA players are already receiving compensation at their schools in the form of academic scholarships, tutors, free room and board, and free apparel, among other benefits. In essence, this is their salary. They are paid with a college education, which many people in the United States today cannot afford. Another issue is that some sports are more popular than others, and if the NCAA were to let these athletes to get paid, then all NCAA universities would have to pay all athletes. If a big school with a good football team were to allow athletes to get paid, they would also have to pay athletes on a sports team such as tennis. This would not bring in a lot of revenue and might make that university lose money because not only are they supplying free education, meals, and apparel, but they would be also paying them a salary.
Additionally, universities may simply not be able to afford to pay these students for their athletic abilities. They are already providing the students with academic scholarships and other benefits. To pay them would almost be doubly compensating them. Yes, it is hard to think about the fact that NCAA university teams make a significant amount of money every year from the athletes’ performances and that professional teams make similar amounts. For professional teams, the “average team in the top 50 is worth $1.34 billion, up 8% over last year. There are 38 teams worth $1 billion versus 33 last year” (Badenhausen). However, participating in the NCAA enables athletes to have a chance to one day earn this type of money as a professional.
Works Cited
Badenhausen, Kurt. "The World's 50 Most Valuable Sports Teams 2014." Forbes. 18
July 2014. Web.
Fornelli, Tom. “NLRB Rules In Favor of College Athletes Players Association." CBS
Sports. 26 March 2014. Web.
Chrissi,
ReplyDeleteI was really surprised by your stance on paying college athletes especially considering you are an athlete yourself. The ultimatum you give that athletes should choose playing or going to school seems at best, unfair and at worst unpaid labor.
This discussion is especially relevant as we wrap up March Madness. The tournament now brings in over a billion dollars in Television ad revenue, more than the super bowl. (Heitner) There something troubling about a billion dollar athletic tournament where the athletes competing are not paid a penny meanwhile the kid selling their jersey makes ten dollars an hour. When players are not paid there are obvious consequences for example last Uconn basketball player Shabazz Napier admitted that sometimes there are nights where he is left hungry but he is still expected to play to the best of his ability. Napier like many College athletes came from a poor family background if it wasn’t for basketball he probably wouldn’t be attending college at all. (Grenoble) He is not alone, for example look at the story of Quinnipiac’s Marquis Barnett who came to Quinnipiac to play basketball after battling homelessness and a rough childhood. Thanks to his incredible athletic ability Barnett was able to attend one of the most expensive schools in Connecticut at no cost but it Barnett had gotten injured and lost his scholarship he would have had to go back to the streets. (Anthony)
Many opponents of compensating student athletes say the athletes are paid with a free education. It is hard to argue that a four year college education is not valuable but can students really cash in on their free education? For example, last year when Northwestern Football players won the right to unionize it was reported by the Chicago district of the National Labor Relations Board reported that players spent 40 to 60 hours a week on football-related activities. (Fornelli; Hruby )In other words: college football is mostly a full-time job, and one that involves lots of overtime. If I asked my classmates whether they thought they could balance an extremely physically demanding full time job with their classes and homework I would assume most would say no. On last Week Tonight John Oliver equated paying a top level college athlete with an education to paying a full time nurse with free trumpet lessons that they will be too busy to do but if they don’t learn to play the trumpet their fired. Does that sound fair?
Works Cited
Heitner, Darren. "The March Madness Advertising Business Is Booming."Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 17 Mar. 2015. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
Grenoble, Ryan. "UConn Basketball Player Speaks Of 'Hungry Nights,' Going To Bed 'Starving'" The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 7 Apr. 2014. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
Anthony, Mike. "Quinnipiac's Marquis Barnett: A Life On The Rebound."Tribunedigital-thecourant. N.p., 24 Dec. 2011. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
Fornelli, Tom. "NLRB Rules in Favor of College Athletes Players Association."CBSSports.com. N.p., 26 Mar. 2014. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.